{"id":5325,"date":"2015-11-24T11:50:19","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T04:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinacap.vn\/?post_type=tin-tuc&p=5325"},"modified":"2023-06-23T09:19:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T02:19:08","slug":"tim-hieu-cong-nghe-internet-cap-quang-aon-va-pon","status":"publish","type":"tin-tuc","link":"https:\/\/vinacap.vn\/en\/archives\/tin-tuc\/tim-hieu-cong-nghe-internet-cap-quang-aon-va-pon","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 INTERNET C\u00c1P QUANG AON V\u00c0 PON"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1p quang GPON<\/p>\n

AON (Active Optical Network \u2013 m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1p quang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng) l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec3m (point to point); th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i thu\u00ea bao c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p quang ri\u00eang ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m (Access Node) \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u00ea bao (FTTH \u2013 Fiber to the Home) nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 1. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Game, HDTV\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p quang m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1p quang AON<\/p>\n

AON c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0: t\u1ea7m k\u00e9o d\u00e2y xa (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 70km m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p (repeater)), t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao (do vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p nghe l\u00e9n (eavesdropping) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3), d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng thu\u00ea bao khi c\u1ea7n, d\u1ec5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AON c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao do: vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed7i thu\u00ea bao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i quang ri\u00eang, c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1p \u2026<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00f9y v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng thu\u00ea bao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1p quang v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p quang ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb Access Node t\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i DSLAM v\u00e0 t\u1eeb DSLAM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy c\u1eadp b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ADSL2+, VDSL2 \u2026 (H\u00ecnh 2)<\/p>\n

PON (Passive Optical Network) l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m (point to multipoint). \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i thu\u00ea bao, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m OLT (Optical Line Termination) qua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chia t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (Splitter) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u1edbi k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia t\u1eeb 32 \u2013 64 thu\u00ea bao). Splitter kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u n\u00ean n\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai cho nhi\u1ec1u thu\u00ea bao th\u00ec chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi AON. Do Splitter kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi AON.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean PON c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng khi thu\u00ea bao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (do ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thu\u00ea bao kh\u00e1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng), kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n do 1 s\u1ee3i quang chung cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cao b\u1eb1ng AON (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nghe l\u00e9n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)\u2026. (h\u00ecnh 3)<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng thu\u00ea bao, PON c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1ng ADSL2+, VDSL2 \u2026<\/p>\n

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