{"id":5956,"date":"2018-10-12T02:01:47","date_gmt":"2018-10-11T19:01:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinacap.vn\/?post_type=tin-tuc&p=5956"},"modified":"2023-06-22T16:12:03","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T09:12:03","slug":"kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-cap-quang-dac-diem-cau-tao-phan-loai","status":"publish","type":"tin-tuc","link":"https:\/\/vinacap.vn\/en\/archives\/tin-tuc\/kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-cap-quang-dac-diem-cau-tao-phan-loai","title":{"rendered":"KI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N V\u1ec0 C\u00c1P QUANG: \u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M – C\u1ea4U T\u1ea0O – PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1p quang d\u00e0i, m\u1ecfng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh trong su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong b\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1p quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1p quang \u00edt b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea4U T\u1ea0O:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c plastic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n \u0111i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. S\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f3t nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1p quang g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau:<\/p>\n

Core : Trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i quang n\u01a1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i<\/p>\n

Cladding : V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t quang b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bao b\u1ecdc l\u00f5i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

Buffer coating : L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 d\u1ebbo b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt<\/p>\n

jacket: H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1p quang.Nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 jacket.<\/p>\n

\"KI\u1ebeN<\/p>\n

PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I:\u00a0<\/strong>G\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Multimode (\u0111a mode):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Multimode stepped index (chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc): L\u00f5i l\u1edbn (100 micron), c\u00e1c tia t\u1ea1o xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau trong l\u00f5i: th\u1eb3ng, zig-zag\u2026 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m tia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, v\u00ec v\u1eady xung d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00e9o d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Multimode graded index (chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c): L\u00f5i c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i cladding. C\u00e1c tia g\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tia g\u1ea7n cladding. C\u00e1c tia theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong thay v\u00ec zig-zag. C\u00e1c ch\u00f9m tia t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, v\u00ec v\u1eady xung \u00edt b\u1ecb m\u00e9o d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Single mode (\u0111\u01a1n mode):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00f5i nh\u1ecf (10 microm\u00e9t hay nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n), h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb l\u00f5i ra cladding \u00edt h\u01a1n multimode. C\u00e1c tia truy\u1ec1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng song song tr\u1ee5c. Xung nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t, \u00edt m\u00e9o d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e1t: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng (LED) ho\u1eb7c laser truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1p quang.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eadn: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng quang chuy\u1ec3n xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh data.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1p quang ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n) n\u00ean nhanh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nghe tr\u1ed9m.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed9 suy d\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i xa h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n km.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1p quang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i k\u00e8m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Multimode – S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

Step index – d\u00f9ng cho kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n soi trong.<\/em><\/p>\n

Graded index –\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Single mode – D\u00f9ng cho kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn km, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u01afU \u0110I\u1ec2M V\u00c0 H\u1ea0N CH\u1ebe:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed – Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

M\u1ecfng h\u01a1n – C\u00e1p quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n – B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ee3i quang m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3 v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 cho h\u01a1n c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh \u0111i qua c\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00edt – T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1p quang \u00edt h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng – Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i quang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng c\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u00edt h\u01a1n – B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1p quang gi\u1ea3m \u00edt, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 – C\u00e1p quang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y – V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean qua C\u00e1p quang, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfa h\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u1ed1i c\u00e1p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, d\u00e2y c\u00e1p d\u1eabn c\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi C\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

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